Nias KAP Survey - Findings

BY: JOSEPH VIANDRITO

E-Prep Nias team conducted Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) Survey in 33 villages located in Sirombu, Afulu and Teluk Dalam Sub-District in Nias and South Nias in early 2008. Some findings found:

1. Lack of basic knowledge:

a. Lack of basic knowledge about earthquake.

* Question no. 3.: What makes the quake happened?
- Half of people (46.3%) are not know or not sure that earthquake is caused by fault movement.
- Amounted 87,83% (means 9 of 10 people) believe that storm and strong winds can cause earthquake. In the coast of Mentawai and Nias, storm and strong winds is a daily occurence.

* Question no. 4: Can we predict the earthquake?
- Worth 29.36% people stated that the upcoming quake can be predicted. While 16.71% are not sure. Totally 46.06% (half of respondents) gave wrong answer.

3 What is the cause of earthquake? Yes
No
Not Sure Total Respondent Yes
% No
% Not Sure %
a. Fault movement 224 27 167 419 53,46 6,44 39,86
b. Mount eruption 377 12 30 419 89,98 2,86 7,16
c. Landslides 180 184 55 419 42,96 43,91 13,13
d. Typhoon 51 296 72 419 12,17 70,64 17,18
e. Oil drilling 63 204 152 419 15,04 48,69 36,28
4 Can we predict an earthquake? 123 225 70 419 29,36 53,70 16,71

b. Lack of basic knowledge on building codes.

- The data shows below that 9 of 10 people (91.65%) do not know (No or Not Sure) the characteristics of an earthquake resistance house.
- About 3 of 5 people (No and Not Sure) that put house foundation deeper will make the house get stronger.
- Worth 55.61% respondents are still confusing in how to choose building materials.

6 What are the criteria of an earthquake resistant house? Yes
No
Not Sure Total Respondent Yes
% No
% Not Sure %
a. Good shape 35 115 269 419 8,35 27,45 64,20
b. Good building foundation 176 150 94 419 42,00 35,80 22,43
c. Good building material
186 123 110 419 44,39 29,36 26,25
d. Light material 317 63 39 419 75,66 15,04 9,31

c. Lack of basic knowledge on how to do during/after earthquake.

- At question no. 7 d and e, both gave results amounted 28.16% people (No and Not sure) are still not aware that hanging things and glass windows are hazard.
- At question no. 7 f, we found that 23.39% (No and Not Sure) are still not know how to do after the quake ended.

7 What will you do in case of earthquake? Yes
No
Not Sure Total Respondent Yes
% No
% Not Sure %
a. Go to safe place (under a table) 298 91 30 419 71,12 21,72 7,16
b. Protect our head 326 67 26 419 77,80 15,99 6,21
c. Go to open field 417 2 0 419 99,52 0,48 -
d. Stay away from hanging things 301 68 50 419 71,84 16,23 11,93
e. Stay away from glass window/wall 301 72 46 419 71,84 17,18 10,98
f. Leave after the shake finished 321 82 16 419 76,61 19,57 3,82
g. Go out from high building when quake happened 244 143 32 419 58,23 34,13 7,64


d. Lack of basic knowledge about tsunami.

- People are still confused about what makes tsunami occured. At question 9 d, totally 43.44% (Yes and Not Sure) of respondents said that typhoon and storm will cause tsunami.

9 Can these events cause a tsunami? Yes
No
Not Sure Total Respondent Yes
% No
% Not Sure %
a. Quake under the sea 301 24 94 419 71,84 5,73 22,43
b. Mount eruption under the sea 315 21 83 419 75,18 5,01 19,81
c. Landslides under the sea 195 97 127 419 46,54 23,15 30,31
d. Typhoon 81 236 101 419 19,33 56,32 24,11


2. Lack of information and communication

- People are still depend on their relatives and family to get information about earthquake and tsunami (73.27%). While in some places they can get access of information from television (65.39%). However, in sudden situation television is useless since the electricity power will be dropped.

- Limited information about disasters from posters, leaflet, handbook, and billboard (85,68% for No and Not Sure), also from seminar, socialization and meeting (66.11%) bring opportunity for the E-Prep program to fill the gap


13 From where do you get information about earthquake and tsunami? Yes
No
Not Sure Total Respondent Yes
% No
% Not Sure %
a. Radio 225 190 4 419 53,70 45,35 0,95
b. Television 274 142 2 419 65,39 33,89 0,48
c. Newspaper, magazines, bulletin 102 298 18 419 24,34 71,12 4,30
d. Handbook, poster, leaflet, billboard, early warning signs 59 337 22 419 14,08 80,43 5,25
e. Socialization, seminar, meeting 141 263 14 419 33,65 62,77 3,34
f. Relatives, friends, neighbours 307 110 1 419 73,27 26,25 0,24
g. government officials 85 331 3 419 20,29 79,00 0,72
h. NGO 106 305 8 419 25,30 72,79 1,91
i. Local Disaster Management Team 80 328 10 419 19,09 78,28 2,39

3. Family Contingency Plan
a. From question No. 14, we found that family are lack of initiaves in preparing themselves towards earthquake and tsunami.
- They are not trying to get information about disasters (45.67% - No and Not Sure)
- They do not make evacuation plan (44.23 %, total of No and Not sure)
- They do not practice evacuation drill (83.41%, total of No and Not sure)
- They do not prepare their houses to be more quake resistance (76.20%, total of No and Not sure)
- They are not interested to move to higher ground (67.79 %, total of No and Not sure)

14 What do your family prepare for earthquake and tsunami?
Yes
No
Not Sure Total Respondent Yes
% No
% Not Sure %
a. Increase knowledge about earthquake and tsunami 226 128 62 416 54,33 30,77 14,90
b. Make a family evacuation plan 232 142 42 416 55,77 34,13 10,10
c. Do family evacuation drill 69 256 91 416 16,59 61,54 21,88
d. Build an earthquake resistant house 99 254 63 416 23,80 61,06 15,14
e. Move the house to high ground 134 263 19 416 32,21 63,22 4,57


b. From question No. 16, we found specifically that family are not prepared when the disasters come.

- Not preparing evacuation map and route (totally 84.49% - no and not sure)
- Not preparing emergency food (80.91% - no & not sure)
- Not preparing important emergency contacts (93.08%)
- Not preparing clothes and cash (78.76%)
- Not trained in evacuation (83.29%)
- Not preparing communication equipments (79.95%)


16 Do your family have these plans? Yes
No
Not Sure Total Respondent Yes
% No
% Not Sure %
a. Prepare map, evacuation route and detail action plans when quake/tsunami strike? 65 298 56 419 15,51 71,12 13,37
b. To set up a family evacuation site? 255 149 15 419 60,86 35,56 3,58
c. To prepare a ready-eat food 80 326 13 419 19,09 77,80 3,10
d. To prepare important and valuable documents 317 95 7 419 75,66 22,67 1,67
e. To prepare important contact numbers in case of emergency (hospital, police, fire department) 29 337 53 419 6,92 80,43 12,65
f. To prepare clothes & cash 89 299 31 419 21,24 71,36 7,40
g. To join an evacuation drill 70 303 46 419 16,71 72,32 10,98
h. To prepare communication equipments (HT/radio/HP) 84 300 35 419 20,05 71,60 8,35


c. From question No. 18, we found that family do not prepare first aid kits and medicines in case of emergency (94.51%)


18 Yes
No
Not Sure Total Respondent Yes
% No
% Not Sure %
Do your family prepare the first aid box? 23 396 0 419 5,49 94,51 -



4. Village Contingency Plan

Villages have lack of capacity and preparation in case of emergency.
- 67.06% of villages have no evacuation sites
- 96.18% of villages have no adequate food and water stock
- 95.70% of villages have no evacuation map or evacuation route
- 97.86% of villages have no Hazard and Risk Map
- 42.48% of villages have no information board
- 69.21% of villages have no Satlinmas (village disaster management) team

17 Do your village have …..? Yes
No
Not Sure Total Respondent Yes
% No
% Not Sure %
a. evacuation sites 138 245 36 419 32,94 58,47 8,59
b. Food and water stock in case of disaster strike 16 366 37 419 3,82 87,35 8,83
c. Evacuation map and evacuation route 18 349 52 419 4,30 83,29 12,41
d. Risk map 9 362 48 419 2,15 86,40 11,46
e. Information board 241 153 25 419 57,52 36,52 5,97
f. Local disaster management team 129 271 19 419 30,79 64,68 4,53


5. Early Warning System

From question No. 19, we found that early warning system is not properly worked.
- 89.74 % of families do not know how the early warning system works.


19 Yes
No
Not Sure Total Respondent Yes
% No
% Not Sure %
Do you know about tsunami early warning system? 43 288 88 419 10,26 68,74 21,00






6. Capacity Building Need
a. Most of villagers, amounted 72.49% (total of No & Not sure), did not get trainings towards emergency situation

22 Does anybody have joined a training/seminar/meeting about disaster management? 115 295 8 418 27,51 70,57 1,91

b. Among trained people, they only got basic training on disaster preparedness, but they get limited trainings on other topics, such as: first aid, evacuation, scouting, water & sanitation, and agriculture.

23 If yes, what kind of trainings you get? Yes
No
Not Sure Total Respondent Yes
% No
% Not Sure %

a. First aid training 19 101 0 120 15,83 84,17 -
b. Victim evacuation 7 113 0 120 5,83 94,17 -
c. Scouting 8 112 0 120 6,67 93,33 -

d. Water & sanitation treatment 2 118 0 120 1,67 98,33 -
e. Disaster management 101 18 0 119 84,87 15,13 -
f. Against silent tsunami (Food security) 9 112 0 120 7,50 93,33 -

7. History of Village Disaster

Instead of Earthquake and Tsunami, villages in Nias had suffered many disasters before. Epidemic becomes the highest rank (56.56%), followed by landslides (28.40%) and flood (24.34%).

26 Have your village ever suffered these disasters? Yes
No
Not Sure Total Respondent Yes
% No
% Not Sure %
a. Flash Floods 18 291 17 419 4,30 69,45 4,06
b. Seasonal floods 102 220 3 419 24,34 52,51 0,72
c. Landslides 119 241 7 419 28,40 57,52 1,67
d. Forest fires 40 280 3 418 9,57 66,99 0,72
e. Disease Epidemic 237 82 3 419 56,56 19,57 0,72
f. Social conflicts 86 231 1 419 20,53 55,13 0,24
g. Hunger (Food stock insecurity) 71 249 2 419 16,95 59,43 0,48


----- JV -----